El-Nafaty Abbas Sa’id ¹, Mohd Hamdan Ahmad ¹, Malsiah Hamid ¹, Wallace Imoudu Enegbuma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai - 81310, Johor, MY
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching - 93350, Sarawak, MY

Abstract

Objective: Library users beside been under duress of the inherent academic challenges are also faced with acclimatizing to the environment around them. The paradigm shift in environmental satisfaction research pits users against the dynamic nature of the environment. Hence, this paper directs the need for adequate post-occupancy analysis to address this trend. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A total of 514 questionnaires were derived from 4 respective libraries in Northeastern Nigeria. Descriptive and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis were carried out with SPSS and AMOS v22. Findings: The results revealed that the variables exhibited high correlation among each other. Ventilation Satisfaction had the highest impact on environmental satisfaction while acoustic had the lowest impact on environmental satisfaction. Applications/Improvements: Recommendations on policies were given to improve Acoustics within the Libraries.

Keywords

Library, Nigeria, Performance, Structural Equation Modeling, Questionnaire Survey, User Satisfaction.

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Badr Alsolami ¹, Mohamed Rashid Embi ², Wallace Imoudu Enegbuma ³

Affiliations
1 Faculty of Islamic Architecture, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al Qura University,Makkah, SA
2 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, University Technology Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, MY
3 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, MY

Abstract

Objective: This paper examines the effects of personal factors (expectation, control, sociability and mood) on perceived crowding levels among African group of pilgrims. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Data was collected via self-administered questionnaire from 156 African pilgrims to Hajj. The data was analyzed using SPSS for descriptive analysis and AMOS for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Internal consistency of the developed research instrument, Kaiser-Meyer- Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and exploratory factor analysis revealed that the research instrument was suitable. Findings: Among the African pilgrim group measurement model, control and sociability had the highest correlation while expectation and perceived level of crowding had the lowest correlation. Furthermore, control personal factor had the least insignificant impact on perceived level of crowding. Expectation and mood personal factors were both significant factors in this study. Applications/Improvements: Policy formation on managing crowd levels and perception will invariably be strategic via incorporating the findings of this paper. Future research will be extended to assess the effects of other factors such as physical factors Hajj pilgrims.

Keywords

Crowding, Hajj, Mina, Perception, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

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